{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"Assam","provider_url":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/","author_name":"Ali TANDO\u011eAN","author_url":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/author\/tandogan-ali\/","title":"\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 2 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2013 - Assam","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"tfiTOMdRK4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/arap-bahari-surecinde-misir-ar\/\">\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 2 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2013<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/arap-bahari-surecinde-misir-ar\/embed\/#?secret=tfiTOMdRK4\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"&#8220;\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 2 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2013&#8221; &#8212; Assam\" data-secret=\"tfiTOMdRK4\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script>\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(d,l){\"use strict\";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&\"undefined\"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),c=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display=\"none\";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):\"link\"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute(\"src\")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:t},\"*\")},!1)))}(window,document);\n\/\/# sourceURL=https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-embed.min.js\n<\/script>\n","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/downloads\/2013\/10\/deb9f9efc56ef2a940bdf0d58ccaad5c.jpg","thumbnail_width":720,"thumbnail_height":400,"description":"Arap Bahar\u0131 S\u00fcrecinde M\u0131s\u0131r (2 Ocak 2013) T.C. At\u0131l\u0131m \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Ana Bilim Dal\u0131'nda Y\u00fcksek Lisans\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayan Ali TANDO\u011eAN'\u0131n Arap Bahar\u0131 S\u00fcrecinde M\u0131s\u0131r ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bitirme tezi... M\u0131s\u0131r 6 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k kadim bir tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olmas\u0131 nedeniyle b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7ok zengin bir demografik yap\u0131y\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle de \u00fclke siyasi yap\u0131s\u0131 sosyalizm, otoriter rejim, liberalizm ve muhafazak\u00e2r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri bar\u0131nd\u0131ran renkli bir mozaik sergilemektedir. Partile\u015fme s\u00fcrecine 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ba\u015flamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Cemal Abdunnas\u0131r (1952-1970), Enver Sedat (1970-1981) ve H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek (1981-2011) d\u00f6nemlerinde Bat\u0131\u2019daki siyasal geli\u015fmeleri halk\u0131n isteklerine cevap verecek seviyede takip edemedi. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen Hizbu\u2019l \u00dcmme (\u00dcmmet Partisi) o d\u00f6nemlerde ulusal direni\u015fin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131. Sonraki d\u00f6nemde kurulan Vefd (Delege) Partisi \u0130ngilizlerle resmi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten bir kimlik kazand\u0131 ve uzun y\u0131llar M\u0131s\u0131r siyasi hayat\u0131nda geni\u015f kitlelerin deste\u011fini alarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. H\u00fcsn\u00fc Urabi taraf\u0131ndan 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan el-Hizbu\u2019\u015f \u015euyui\u2019yyu\u2019l-M\u0131sr\u00ee (M\u0131s\u0131r Kom\u00fcnist Partisi) ve Hizbu\u2019l-Islah (Islah Partisi) H\u0131divlik sonras\u0131 sosyal yap\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili oldu.1 Halk\u0131n istekleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda istenilen hassasiyeti g\u00f6stermeyen liderler baz\u0131 reform hareketlerinde bulundularsa da arzulanan de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc hayata ge\u00e7iremediler. \u00d6zellikle H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanan sosyal sorunlar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n da dikkatini \u00e7ekti. M\u0131s\u0131r demokrasisinin ve \u0130srail ile olan ili\u015fkilerin istenilen seviyeye getirilememesinden \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olan ABD, en anlaml\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Kas\u0131m 2003\u2019te yapt\u0131. Heritage Institute for Democracy\u2019de konu\u015fan eski Amerikan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George Bush M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fimdi de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n demokrasi i\u00e7in bir \u015feyler yapmas\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131n geldi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.2 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yemen, Tunus, Libya, Cezayir, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye\u2019de insan haklar\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ihlaller nedeniyle bir de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131.3 \u0130yice ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek kendinden sonra g\u00f6reve o\u011flu Cemal\u2019i getirmeye karar vermesi tepkilere neden oldu. Siyasal \u00e7alkant\u0131lar halk aras\u0131nda var olan dini ve etnik ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da k\u00f6r\u00fckledi ve 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130skenderiye \u015fehrinde Noel gecesinde bir\u00e7ok K\u0131pti Hristiyan patlayan bombalar sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Resmi makamlarca bu eylemin M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dinciler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r halk\u0131 sosyal medya \u00fczerinden haberle\u015ferek yap\u0131lan bu eylemlerin iki toplum aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak isteyen gizli eller taraf\u0131ndan planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda fikir birli\u011fine var\u0131rken Kahire\u2019nin me\u015fhur meydan\u0131 Tahrir\u2019de eylemlere ba\u015flad\u0131lar.4 Eylemlerin g\u00fcnlerce s\u00fcrmesi sonucu tehlikeyi g\u00f6ren H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek 11 \u015eubat 2011 tarihinde g\u00f6revini b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimi Y\u00fcksek Askeri Konsey (YAK)\u2019e devretti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.5 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek, 25 Ocak 2011 tarihinde ba\u015flayan halk ayaklanmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda protestoculara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmak \u00fczere g\u00fcvenlik kuvvetlerine emir vermek su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla 25 y\u0131l hapse mahk\u00fbm edildi.6 Y\u00f6netimi devralan Y\u00fcksek Askeri Konsey (YAK) halk\u0131n nabz\u0131n\u0131 tutan bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla demokratikle\u015fme yolunda bir yol haritas\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015f ve sokaklar\u0131n sakinle\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131; ancak verilen s\u00f6zlerin zaman\u0131nda tutulmamas\u0131, parlamento ile cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri konusunda net tarihlerin verilmemesi ve s\u00fcrecin belirsiz bir hal almas\u0131 sonucu Tahrir Meydan\u0131 tekrar eski g\u00fcnlerine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Yap\u0131lan g\u00f6steriler sonucu zaman zaman halkla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelen g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri hassas davranmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da artan \u00f6fkenin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7emedi. Nihayetinde 28 Kas\u0131m 2011 tarihinde parlamento se\u00e7imleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve se\u00e7imlerden % 71,5\u2019l\u0131k oy oran\u0131 ile kazan\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler (MK) ve selefi ak\u0131m milletvekillerinin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu.7 Sonu\u00e7lar \u00fclkenin yak\u0131n gelece\u011fi konusunda ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Halk Meclisi\u2019ndeki bu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma siyasal dengeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131cak bakmayan Y\u00fcksek Askeri Konsey (YAK)\u2019in itiraz\u0131 \u00fczerine Anayasa Mahkemesi se\u00e7imleri usuls\u00fcz oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle iptal etti.8 Daha da \u00f6tesi bu iptal karar\u0131 yetkisi cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen verilmesi \u00fclkedeki tarafl\u0131 tarafs\u0131z bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin tepkisine neden oldu. Meclisin hukuken var olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam ederken gelecek olan cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n da yetkilerini k\u0131s\u0131tlayan bir\u00e7ok d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131ld\u0131.9 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imine ba\u015fvuran 23 adaydan 10\u2019unun adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7elerle iptal edilerek10 cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri de y\u00f6nlendirilmek istendi. Siyasal yap\u0131n\u0131n yeniden d\u00fczenlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde 23-24 May\u0131s 2012 tarihlerinde cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk tur se\u00e7imleri yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ile ortaya ilgin\u00e7 bir tablo \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler (MK)\u2019in temsilcisi Muhammed Mursi ile devrik lider H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek\u2019in son ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Ahmet \u015eefik yar\u0131\u015fta sona kalarak ikinci turda kozlar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015facaklard\u0131. Ahmet \u015eefik\u2019in se\u00e7imleri kazanmas\u0131 sonucu devrim kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kaybedilece\u011fine inanan bir kesim solu\u011fu yine Tahrir Meydan\u0131\u2019nda al\u0131rken YAK halk\u0131n nabz\u0131n\u0131 tutmakta zorlan\u0131yordu. Mursi\u2019nin cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imini kazanmas\u0131 durumunda \u0130ran\u2019la iyi ili\u015fkiler kurulaca\u011f\u0131ndan ve \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylemlerin sertle\u015fece\u011finden endi\u015fe eden di\u011fer bir kesim ise Ahmet \u015eefik ile hayat\u0131n normale d\u00f6nece\u011fi kanaatini ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131.11 Bu zihin karga\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olan halk, 16-17 Haziran 2012 tarihinde sand\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131na giderek kaderlerini belirleme noktas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir se\u00e7imle y\u00fczle\u015fti. Kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 ise ancak % 46 civar\u0131nda oldu.12 Merakla beklenen se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n 21 Haziran\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131klanaca\u011f\u0131 beklenirken, 20 Haziran\u2019da M\u0131s\u0131r Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Se\u00e7im Komisyonu \u00dcyesi Hatem Bicato d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n ileriki bir tarihe ertelendi\u011fi bildirdi.13 Nihayet 24 Haziran\u2019da se\u00e7imin resmi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 ile birlikte Mursi\u2019nin % 51,3\u2019l\u00fck bir oranla se\u00e7imi kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesinle\u015fmi\u015f oldu. Rakibi Ahmet \u015eefik ise % 48,7 oran\u0131nda oy alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.14 \u0130ki aday aras\u0131nda az bir fark\u0131n olmas\u0131 bundan sonraki d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in devletin yeniden \u015fekillendirilmesi konusunda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirmi\u015fti. Yani eski ile yeninin m\u00fccadelesi hen\u00fcz bitmemi\u015fti. Devrimler bir siyasal yap\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmekle birlikte toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi de beraberinde getirmek istemekteydi. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bu de\u011fi\u015fimin olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zaman g\u00f6sterecekti. Yeni d\u00f6nemde i\u00e7 siyasetin yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ABD ve \u0130srail ili\u015fkileri, ekonominin d\u00fczeltilmesi ve Nil suyu problemi Mursi\u2019yi bekleyen en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Parlamento ve cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler (MK) ve Selefilerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir muhalefet bulunuyordu. Devrim s\u00fcrecinde yapacaklar\u0131 icraatlar s\u00fcrekli olarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir mekanizma taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilmektedir. Bu nedenle iktidar ve muhalefetin nas\u0131l bir uyum i\u00e7erisinde yeni d\u00f6nemi kurgulayacaklar\u0131 merak edilmektedir. Rejimin temel dinamiklerinden olan YAK ve Anayasa Mahkemesi Mursi\u2019nin \u00fczerinde ne kadar etkili olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k MK\u2019in tavr\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek zor g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Halk Meclisi se\u00e7imlerinin iptal edilmesi ve anayasa metni \u00fczerinde mutabakat\u0131n sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 nas\u0131l bir gelece\u011fin bekledi\u011fi konusunda t\u00fcm kesimlerin endi\u015felerini artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Devrimden ama\u00e7lananlar\u0131n ne kadar yerine getirilebilece\u011fi en \u00e7ok merak edilen di\u011fer bir konu olmu\u015ftur."}