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(16) \u0628\u064a. \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629”. (17) \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 (18): \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c 2006). \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (Mathieu ve Dearden, 2006:7):<\/span><\/p>\n – \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n – \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n – \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n – \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n – \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0631 “\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u062d” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d8 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d8 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d8 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n 2.1. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 “\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 “\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n 2.1.1. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 “\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629”: \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 (Singer\u060c 2009: 156-158).<\/span><\/p>\n 2.1.2. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. (Singer\u060c 2009: 159).<\/span><\/p>\n 2.2. \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 MPRI \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Singer\u060c 2009: 161). \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n 2.3 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Singer\u060c 2009: 163).<\/span><\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Tibbett and Britten \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Singer\u060c 2009: 165).<\/span><\/p>\n \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1990. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 11\/9 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a. (19)<\/span><\/p>\n 2.4 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631: \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 Rotberg (2003)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629. (20)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 2.4.1. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629).<\/span><\/p>\n 2.4.2. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646).<\/span><\/p>\n 2.4.3. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (Miliken ve Krause, 2002).<\/span><\/p>\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627 (19911995) \u0643\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n 2.4.4. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 (Rotberg\u060c 2003: 4-5).<\/span><\/p>\n \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n 2.5 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629) \u0645\u0646 20\u066a \u0625\u0644\u0649 65\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Tang\u00f6r, 2004: 256).<\/span><\/p>\n 3.1 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644 10 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 800 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a BDM \u0648SAIC \u0648CABLE AND WIRELESS: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 (Balta, 2004: 15-16).<\/span><\/p>\n 3.2 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (Adams, 2003:63).<\/span><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Mathieu ve Dearden, 2006:6)<\/span><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Black water<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Military peofessional Recources Inc.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Aegis Defence services<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Northbrdge services Group<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Erinys International Limited<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\/ \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n DynGorp International LLC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Vinnell Corporation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Armor Group<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Control Risks Group<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\/ \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 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“\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Pickering ve Kisangani, 2009: 593).<\/span><\/p>\n \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u064a 24\u066a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 39\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064837\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 61\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 “\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a” (\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 Singer (2009: 156) \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15\u066a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2. \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n 1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n %2,7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n %19,3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n 2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n %16.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n 3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n %17,4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n %22,2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n 4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n %o4.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n 5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n %18,2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n
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