{"id":886,"date":"2013-10-04T04:06:29","date_gmt":"2013-10-04T01:06:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yeni.assam.org.tr\/index.php\/2013\/10\/04\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/"},"modified":"2013-10-04T04:06:29","modified_gmt":"2013-10-04T01:06:29","slug":"asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 19\/5\/2013"},"content":{"rendered":"\"\"\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 44%. \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 30% , \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 5% .<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d . \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 66 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0647 15 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 . \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 Robert Finn\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 18 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 . \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 , \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 . \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ” \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0629 ”\u00a0 \u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d , \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631(\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648) 2013.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":883,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[592,594,593],"manset":[],"class_list":["post-886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-islam-ulkeleri-savunma-ve-savunma-sanayi-isbirligi-ortamini-inceleme-ve-arastirma-kurulu-ar","tag-592","tag-594","tag-593"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAssam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Asimetrik Sava\u015fta ABD ve Nato'nun Rol\u00fc 1 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi\u2019ne yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George W. Bush\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u201cArt\u0131k her ulus karar\u0131n\u0131 vermelidir ya bizimlesiniz ya da ter\u00f6ristlerle!\u2026\u201d retori\u011fi g\u00fcnlerce d\u00fcnya televizyonlar\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcp durmu\u015ftu. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar Afganistan\u2019da koalisyon y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekecek olan \u00fclkelerin ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u201ck\u00fcresel ter\u00f6rizm\u201d le daha iyi m\u00fccadele edebilmek \u00fczere hedef kamuoyunu daha ziyade M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu olan \u00fclkelerde, niyet ve maksatlar\u0131n\u0131, stratejik vizyonlar\u0131n\u0131, uygulayacaklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131 \u201cme\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak\u201d i\u00e7in hedef kamuoyunda alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yaratmaya y\u00f6nelik bir psikolojik ve stratejik ileti\u015fim modelidir. Zira d\u00fcnya kamuoyu genelde, ABD\u2019nin prestijinin sars\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdur pozisyonunda olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla operasyona destek verdi. Ancak ABD, 7 Ekim 2001\u2019de \u201cSonsuz \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015fgal etti\u011fi Afganistan\u2019da tam manas\u0131yla bu alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Bunun sonucu olarak da; aralar\u0131ndaki menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kendi lehine \u00e7evirmek isteyen taraflardan birisinin sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, analitik olarak di\u011ferine nazaran alt edilemez bir seviyede oldu\u011fu zaman patlak veren, t\u0131pk\u0131 Vietnam\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cAsimetrik Sava\u015f\u201dla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dengesiz sava\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan taraflardan zay\u0131f olan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olana kar\u015f\u0131 sergiledi\u011fi asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131m; \u00fcst\u00fcn taraf\u0131n zaaflar\u0131ndan yararlanarak onun devasa g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc alt etmeye y\u00f6nelik olarak, beklenmeyen, \u00f6nlenemeyen veya normal olarak tercih edilmeyen y\u00f6ntemler, silahlar ve teknolojileri her an her yerde kullanmakt\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve d\u00fczenli bir ordu yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 olan taraf, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeksizin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki direni\u015f kuvvetiyle ba\u015f etmek i\u00e7in konvansiyonel taktikleri kullanmaktan ba\u015fka bir se\u00e7enek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez. Ancak zay\u0131f olan\u0131n ayn\u0131 sava\u015f taktiklerini uygulamas\u0131 ne m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ne de ak\u0131lc\u0131d\u0131r. Direnen zay\u0131f taraf, sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in simetrik bir cephede kar\u015f\u0131 koymaktan ziyade, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n kendi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayan zay\u0131f b\u00f6lgelerine sald\u0131rmay\u0131 hi\u00e7 teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz hedefleyecektir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131n g\u00f6ze almak istemedi\u011fi insan kay\u0131plar\u0131, davas\u0131 u\u011fruna \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015f insanlardan olu\u015fan zay\u0131f taraf\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck silahlar\u0131ndan birisidir.11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 7 Nisan\u2019da Afganistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Zabul kentinde bomba y\u00fckl\u00fc ara\u00e7la NATO konvoyunun hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc eylemi olmasa bile ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin g\u00fcndeme gelerek nemaland\u0131klar\u0131; \u201cAmerikan derin devleti\u201d komplosu bile olsa, 15 Nisan\u2019da ABD\u2019de Boston Maratonu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan bombal\u0131 ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lar asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131ma birer \u00f6rnektir. Askeri anlamda son y\u0131llar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 konferans\u0131 olarak nitelendirebilece\u011fimiz, 57 \u00fclkeden alan\u0131nda uzman akademisyen ve uzman askerlerin oldu\u011fu ve benim de kat\u0131lma imkan\u0131 buldu\u011fumICAP-13(Uluslararas\u0131 Hava ve Uzay G\u00fcc\u00fc Konferans\u0131) 27-29 Mart tarihinde Harp Akademileri\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Amac\u0131n\u0131n; hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, teknolojinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer ilgi alanlar\u0131 ile etkile\u015fimi \u00fczerine kuramsal ve uygulamal\u0131 bilgilere odaklanarak; savunma ve end\u00fcstriyel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n sunumu ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcn, akademik bir forum sa\u011flamakolarak belirlendi\u011fi Konferansta, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemine de\u011finen, ABD Merkezi \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019nda (CIA) uzun y\u0131llar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Harvard\u2019da da dersler veren hava ve uzay stratejistiDr. Benjamin Lambeth\u2019in \u201c Asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan konvansiyonel sava\u015fta hava g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemi onaylanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava silahlar\u0131n\u0131n isyan bast\u0131rmadaki etkisi ve sivil insan kay\u0131plar\u0131na sebep olmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi husus asl\u0131nda Afganistan \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi masum insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olan operasyonlar\u0131n asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckleyerek sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da geciktirdi\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Emekli B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Elekda\u011f\u2019\u0131n ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c2.5 sava\u015f\u201d stratejisindeki bu\u00e7uk, asimetrik y\u00f6ntemlerin sava\u015f terminolojisinde yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ifadesidir. Buradan \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn; e\u011fer askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar stratejik ba\u015far\u0131ya de\u011fil de fiyaskoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsa, planlanan, arzu edilen bar\u0131\u015f temenniden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emeyecek ve asimetrik sava\u015f olanca h\u0131z\u0131yla ve g\u00fcc\u00fcyle halk\u0131 arkas\u0131na alarak ve artarak en primitif \u015fekliyle devam edecektir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ABD ve NATO, stratejik esneklik kayb\u0131 ve k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma spektrumunda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 temel insani de\u011ferleri, toplumsal ve geleneksel refleksleri dikkate almamakta ve asimetrik sava\u015f enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n etki alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha da geni\u015flemesine ve bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131llarca devam etmesine neden olmaktad\u0131rlar. NATO konvoyunun b\u00f6lgedeki bir okula kitap ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapmaya giderken sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131, NATO'nun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk olan 12 sivil Afganl\u0131y\u0131 hava bombard\u0131man\u0131yla katletmesini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steremez. Keza, kimler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131rsa yap\u0131ls\u0131n Boston Maratonu\u2019ndaki sald\u0131r\u0131 da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne maalesef m\u00fcttefik bat\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin amac\u0131; ICAP-13\u2019te \u0130talya kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan Prof. LucianoBozzo\u2019nun yerinde tespitiyle \u201cmesele sadece zafer elde etmek de\u011fil, \u00fclkenin sosyal yaralar\u0131n\u0131 da sarmak zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. \u015eu an bunu kimse yapmak istemiyor Yap\u0131lan ve hedefte olan sadece y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve neo-liberal Pazar ekonomisini hakim k\u0131larak b\u00f6lgede k\u00fcresel hakimiyet kurman\u0131n zeminini haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131r\u2026\u201d Siyasi tabirle\u201ckamu diplomasisi,\u201d askeri tabirle \u201cstratejik ileti\u015fim\u201d konusunda yeni k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik parametrelerine uygun olarak kendini Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6rev yapan bir savunma \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden, k\u00fcresel bir g\u00fcvenlik akt\u00f6r\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek isteyen NATO, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ileti\u015fimin stratejik y\u00f6netimini \u00f6nemli bir idari fonksiyonu olarak ele almak zorundad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fcttefikleri ve \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri, mesela T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkeler, b\u00f6lgeyi h\u0131zla asimetrik sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen, me\u015frulu\u011funun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fman alg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerden sorumlulu\u011fu devralmal\u0131, reaktif refleksler yerine proaktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve \u00e7abalarla, deyim yerindeyse \u201csoftpower\u201d bir siyasetle; yani stratejik ileti\u015fimi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve reel bir \u015fekilde in\u015fa eden bir sinerji ve perspektifle Taliban ve Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin en az\u0131ndan asgari m\u00fc\u015ftereklerde m\u00fczakere edebilir ve masada kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oturabilir hale getirmenin \u00e7arelerini \u00fcretmelidirler. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ile bir \u201cso\u011fuk sava\u015f art\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak me\u015fruiyetinin sorgulanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, g\u00fcvenlik anlam\u0131nda hala en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct h\u00fcviyetini korumaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun eski genel sekreteri Jaap De HoopScheffer\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cde\u011fi\u015fen k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik ortam\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 gereken NATO\u2019nun yeni d\u00f6nemde bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yorumlamas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ya da \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczere olan tehditleri \u201calan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u201d hen\u00fcz Avrupa-Atlantik b\u00f6lgesini etkilemeden kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ve bu maksatla di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle daha s\u0131k\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in ileti\u015fime y\u00f6nelmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.\u201d K\u00fcreselle\u015fen d\u00fcnyada transatlantik ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha \u00f6nemli hale geldi\u011fi bir zaman diliminde olunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde gizli ajandas\u0131 oldu\u011fu alg\u0131sal olgusuyla itibar kaybetmeye devam etmektedir. N\u00fcfuz alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde en ba\u015fta varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi haline gelmi\u015f bir pozisyona d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan NATO hakk\u0131ndaki alg\u0131 ve kanaatlerin olumlu anlamda ve kurumsal itibar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek tarzda \u015fekillendirilmesi en az\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. ABD Ordusu ve NATO\u2019nun ileti\u015fim stratejileri konusunda Afganistan ve benzeri \u00fclkelerde me\u015fruiyet zemininde derin fay hatlar\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge halklar\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u201cBat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019la sava\u015fta oldu\u011fu\u201d alg\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak bu me\u015fruiyeti sorgular hale getirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve k\u0131smen baz\u0131 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilen operasyonlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sivil kay\u0131plar da NATO\u2019nun \u201ciyi niyet"i konusunda soru i\u015faretleri belirmesine ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131pranmas\u0131na neden olmaya devam etmektedir. NATO yeni etki alan\u0131 olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde ileti\u015fim faaliyetlerini se\u00e7kinci bir anlay\u0131\u015fla toplumun elit kesimlerine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi i\u00e7in sokaktaki vatanda\u015fa hitap edecek bir ileti\u015fim stratejisi geli\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Sosyal projeler ba\u011flam\u0131nda, bat\u0131 tandansl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k projelerinde mesela; bir\u00e7ok yerde g\u00fcven bunal\u0131m\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7ocuk a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yapmada bile zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun Afganistan\u2019daki ileti\u015fim projeleri konusunda literat\u00fcr tarand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Afgan elitlerle, Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n NATO alg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u00e7urumun da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmesi do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. Keza Almanya konu\u015flu Marshall Fonu\u2019nun(GMF) her y\u0131l d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cTransatlantik E\u011filimler\u201d anketinin 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda bu anketin ilk kez d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri anket d\u00fczenlenen \u00fclkelerdeki elitlerin NATO yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik tespit edilemezken, \u00f6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de elitlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda NATO\u2019yu destekleme oran\u0131 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 53 iken bu oran\u0131n 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 30\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fmesi olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Yine ayn\u0131 kurulu\u015f GMF\u2019nin anketinde birliklerin Afganistan\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesini isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n oran\u0131 2011\u2019de % 35 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131rken, 2012\u2019de oran % 44\u2019t\u00fcr. Afganistan\u2019da birliklerin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2009\u2019da % 30 iken, 2012\u2019de % 5\u2019e gerilemi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermektedir ki 2014\u2019\u00fcn sonuna kadar ABD\u2019nin Afganistan'dan \u00e7ekilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Halihaz\u0131rda 66 bin ABD askeri bulundu\u011fu ve \u00e7ekilme sonras\u0131 15 bininin kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Nitekim Afganistan\u2019da uzun y\u0131llar g\u00f6rev yapan Amerikan eski B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Robert Finn de 18 Nisan\u2019da Zaman\u2019a verdi\u011fi m\u00fclakatta ABD\u2019nin asl\u0131nda Afganistan\u2019da kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu tespit ve tahlillerimizin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6r ve b\u00f6lgesel lider g\u00fc\u00e7 olma iddias\u0131n\u0131 kendi sorumluluk alanlar\u0131nda b\u00f6lge istikrar\u0131 ad\u0131na bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik konseptinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u201cBar\u0131\u015f ve Karde\u015flik Projesi\u201dnin ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bunu t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgedeki problemli alanlara model olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi pekala m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1) 19 May\u0131s 2013'te Zaman Gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 19\/5\/2013 - Assam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Asimetrik Sava\u015fta ABD ve Nato'nun Rol\u00fc 1 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi\u2019ne yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George W. Bush\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u201cArt\u0131k her ulus karar\u0131n\u0131 vermelidir ya bizimlesiniz ya da ter\u00f6ristlerle!\u2026\u201d retori\u011fi g\u00fcnlerce d\u00fcnya televizyonlar\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcp durmu\u015ftu. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar Afganistan\u2019da koalisyon y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekecek olan \u00fclkelerin ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u201ck\u00fcresel ter\u00f6rizm\u201d le daha iyi m\u00fccadele edebilmek \u00fczere hedef kamuoyunu daha ziyade M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu olan \u00fclkelerde, niyet ve maksatlar\u0131n\u0131, stratejik vizyonlar\u0131n\u0131, uygulayacaklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131 \u201cme\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak\u201d i\u00e7in hedef kamuoyunda alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yaratmaya y\u00f6nelik bir psikolojik ve stratejik ileti\u015fim modelidir. Zira d\u00fcnya kamuoyu genelde, ABD\u2019nin prestijinin sars\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdur pozisyonunda olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla operasyona destek verdi. Ancak ABD, 7 Ekim 2001\u2019de \u201cSonsuz \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015fgal etti\u011fi Afganistan\u2019da tam manas\u0131yla bu alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Bunun sonucu olarak da; aralar\u0131ndaki menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kendi lehine \u00e7evirmek isteyen taraflardan birisinin sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, analitik olarak di\u011ferine nazaran alt edilemez bir seviyede oldu\u011fu zaman patlak veren, t\u0131pk\u0131 Vietnam\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cAsimetrik Sava\u015f\u201dla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dengesiz sava\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan taraflardan zay\u0131f olan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olana kar\u015f\u0131 sergiledi\u011fi asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131m; \u00fcst\u00fcn taraf\u0131n zaaflar\u0131ndan yararlanarak onun devasa g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc alt etmeye y\u00f6nelik olarak, beklenmeyen, \u00f6nlenemeyen veya normal olarak tercih edilmeyen y\u00f6ntemler, silahlar ve teknolojileri her an her yerde kullanmakt\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve d\u00fczenli bir ordu yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 olan taraf, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeksizin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki direni\u015f kuvvetiyle ba\u015f etmek i\u00e7in konvansiyonel taktikleri kullanmaktan ba\u015fka bir se\u00e7enek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez. Ancak zay\u0131f olan\u0131n ayn\u0131 sava\u015f taktiklerini uygulamas\u0131 ne m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ne de ak\u0131lc\u0131d\u0131r. Direnen zay\u0131f taraf, sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in simetrik bir cephede kar\u015f\u0131 koymaktan ziyade, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n kendi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayan zay\u0131f b\u00f6lgelerine sald\u0131rmay\u0131 hi\u00e7 teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz hedefleyecektir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131n g\u00f6ze almak istemedi\u011fi insan kay\u0131plar\u0131, davas\u0131 u\u011fruna \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015f insanlardan olu\u015fan zay\u0131f taraf\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck silahlar\u0131ndan birisidir.11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 7 Nisan\u2019da Afganistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Zabul kentinde bomba y\u00fckl\u00fc ara\u00e7la NATO konvoyunun hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc eylemi olmasa bile ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin g\u00fcndeme gelerek nemaland\u0131klar\u0131; \u201cAmerikan derin devleti\u201d komplosu bile olsa, 15 Nisan\u2019da ABD\u2019de Boston Maratonu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan bombal\u0131 ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lar asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131ma birer \u00f6rnektir. Askeri anlamda son y\u0131llar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 konferans\u0131 olarak nitelendirebilece\u011fimiz, 57 \u00fclkeden alan\u0131nda uzman akademisyen ve uzman askerlerin oldu\u011fu ve benim de kat\u0131lma imkan\u0131 buldu\u011fumICAP-13(Uluslararas\u0131 Hava ve Uzay G\u00fcc\u00fc Konferans\u0131) 27-29 Mart tarihinde Harp Akademileri\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Amac\u0131n\u0131n; hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, teknolojinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer ilgi alanlar\u0131 ile etkile\u015fimi \u00fczerine kuramsal ve uygulamal\u0131 bilgilere odaklanarak; savunma ve end\u00fcstriyel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n sunumu ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcn, akademik bir forum sa\u011flamakolarak belirlendi\u011fi Konferansta, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemine de\u011finen, ABD Merkezi \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019nda (CIA) uzun y\u0131llar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Harvard\u2019da da dersler veren hava ve uzay stratejistiDr. Benjamin Lambeth\u2019in \u201c Asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan konvansiyonel sava\u015fta hava g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemi onaylanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava silahlar\u0131n\u0131n isyan bast\u0131rmadaki etkisi ve sivil insan kay\u0131plar\u0131na sebep olmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi husus asl\u0131nda Afganistan \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi masum insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olan operasyonlar\u0131n asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckleyerek sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da geciktirdi\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Emekli B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Elekda\u011f\u2019\u0131n ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c2.5 sava\u015f\u201d stratejisindeki bu\u00e7uk, asimetrik y\u00f6ntemlerin sava\u015f terminolojisinde yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ifadesidir. Buradan \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn; e\u011fer askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar stratejik ba\u015far\u0131ya de\u011fil de fiyaskoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsa, planlanan, arzu edilen bar\u0131\u015f temenniden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emeyecek ve asimetrik sava\u015f olanca h\u0131z\u0131yla ve g\u00fcc\u00fcyle halk\u0131 arkas\u0131na alarak ve artarak en primitif \u015fekliyle devam edecektir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ABD ve NATO, stratejik esneklik kayb\u0131 ve k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma spektrumunda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 temel insani de\u011ferleri, toplumsal ve geleneksel refleksleri dikkate almamakta ve asimetrik sava\u015f enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n etki alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha da geni\u015flemesine ve bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131llarca devam etmesine neden olmaktad\u0131rlar. NATO konvoyunun b\u00f6lgedeki bir okula kitap ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapmaya giderken sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131, NATO'nun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk olan 12 sivil Afganl\u0131y\u0131 hava bombard\u0131man\u0131yla katletmesini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steremez. Keza, kimler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131rsa yap\u0131ls\u0131n Boston Maratonu\u2019ndaki sald\u0131r\u0131 da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne maalesef m\u00fcttefik bat\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin amac\u0131; ICAP-13\u2019te \u0130talya kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan Prof. LucianoBozzo\u2019nun yerinde tespitiyle \u201cmesele sadece zafer elde etmek de\u011fil, \u00fclkenin sosyal yaralar\u0131n\u0131 da sarmak zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. \u015eu an bunu kimse yapmak istemiyor Yap\u0131lan ve hedefte olan sadece y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve neo-liberal Pazar ekonomisini hakim k\u0131larak b\u00f6lgede k\u00fcresel hakimiyet kurman\u0131n zeminini haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131r\u2026\u201d Siyasi tabirle\u201ckamu diplomasisi,\u201d askeri tabirle \u201cstratejik ileti\u015fim\u201d konusunda yeni k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik parametrelerine uygun olarak kendini Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6rev yapan bir savunma \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden, k\u00fcresel bir g\u00fcvenlik akt\u00f6r\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek isteyen NATO, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ileti\u015fimin stratejik y\u00f6netimini \u00f6nemli bir idari fonksiyonu olarak ele almak zorundad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fcttefikleri ve \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri, mesela T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkeler, b\u00f6lgeyi h\u0131zla asimetrik sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen, me\u015frulu\u011funun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fman alg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerden sorumlulu\u011fu devralmal\u0131, reaktif refleksler yerine proaktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve \u00e7abalarla, deyim yerindeyse \u201csoftpower\u201d bir siyasetle; yani stratejik ileti\u015fimi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve reel bir \u015fekilde in\u015fa eden bir sinerji ve perspektifle Taliban ve Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin en az\u0131ndan asgari m\u00fc\u015ftereklerde m\u00fczakere edebilir ve masada kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oturabilir hale getirmenin \u00e7arelerini \u00fcretmelidirler. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ile bir \u201cso\u011fuk sava\u015f art\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak me\u015fruiyetinin sorgulanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, g\u00fcvenlik anlam\u0131nda hala en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct h\u00fcviyetini korumaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun eski genel sekreteri Jaap De HoopScheffer\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cde\u011fi\u015fen k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik ortam\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 gereken NATO\u2019nun yeni d\u00f6nemde bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yorumlamas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ya da \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczere olan tehditleri \u201calan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u201d hen\u00fcz Avrupa-Atlantik b\u00f6lgesini etkilemeden kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ve bu maksatla di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle daha s\u0131k\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in ileti\u015fime y\u00f6nelmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.\u201d K\u00fcreselle\u015fen d\u00fcnyada transatlantik ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha \u00f6nemli hale geldi\u011fi bir zaman diliminde olunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde gizli ajandas\u0131 oldu\u011fu alg\u0131sal olgusuyla itibar kaybetmeye devam etmektedir. N\u00fcfuz alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde en ba\u015fta varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi haline gelmi\u015f bir pozisyona d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan NATO hakk\u0131ndaki alg\u0131 ve kanaatlerin olumlu anlamda ve kurumsal itibar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek tarzda \u015fekillendirilmesi en az\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. ABD Ordusu ve NATO\u2019nun ileti\u015fim stratejileri konusunda Afganistan ve benzeri \u00fclkelerde me\u015fruiyet zemininde derin fay hatlar\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge halklar\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u201cBat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019la sava\u015fta oldu\u011fu\u201d alg\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak bu me\u015fruiyeti sorgular hale getirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve k\u0131smen baz\u0131 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilen operasyonlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sivil kay\u0131plar da NATO\u2019nun \u201ciyi niyet"i konusunda soru i\u015faretleri belirmesine ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131pranmas\u0131na neden olmaya devam etmektedir. NATO yeni etki alan\u0131 olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde ileti\u015fim faaliyetlerini se\u00e7kinci bir anlay\u0131\u015fla toplumun elit kesimlerine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi i\u00e7in sokaktaki vatanda\u015fa hitap edecek bir ileti\u015fim stratejisi geli\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Sosyal projeler ba\u011flam\u0131nda, bat\u0131 tandansl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k projelerinde mesela; bir\u00e7ok yerde g\u00fcven bunal\u0131m\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7ocuk a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yapmada bile zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun Afganistan\u2019daki ileti\u015fim projeleri konusunda literat\u00fcr tarand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Afgan elitlerle, Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n NATO alg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u00e7urumun da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmesi do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. Keza Almanya konu\u015flu Marshall Fonu\u2019nun(GMF) her y\u0131l d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cTransatlantik E\u011filimler\u201d anketinin 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda bu anketin ilk kez d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri anket d\u00fczenlenen \u00fclkelerdeki elitlerin NATO yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik tespit edilemezken, \u00f6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de elitlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda NATO\u2019yu destekleme oran\u0131 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 53 iken bu oran\u0131n 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 30\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fmesi olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Yine ayn\u0131 kurulu\u015f GMF\u2019nin anketinde birliklerin Afganistan\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesini isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n oran\u0131 2011\u2019de % 35 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131rken, 2012\u2019de oran % 44\u2019t\u00fcr. Afganistan\u2019da birliklerin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2009\u2019da % 30 iken, 2012\u2019de % 5\u2019e gerilemi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermektedir ki 2014\u2019\u00fcn sonuna kadar ABD\u2019nin Afganistan'dan \u00e7ekilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Halihaz\u0131rda 66 bin ABD askeri bulundu\u011fu ve \u00e7ekilme sonras\u0131 15 bininin kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Nitekim Afganistan\u2019da uzun y\u0131llar g\u00f6rev yapan Amerikan eski B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Robert Finn de 18 Nisan\u2019da Zaman\u2019a verdi\u011fi m\u00fclakatta ABD\u2019nin asl\u0131nda Afganistan\u2019da kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu tespit ve tahlillerimizin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6r ve b\u00f6lgesel lider g\u00fc\u00e7 olma iddias\u0131n\u0131 kendi sorumluluk alanlar\u0131nda b\u00f6lge istikrar\u0131 ad\u0131na bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik konseptinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u201cBar\u0131\u015f ve Karde\u015flik Projesi\u201dnin ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bunu t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgedeki problemli alanlara model olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi pekala m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1) 19 May\u0131s 2013'te Zaman Gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Assam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-10-04T01:06:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/downloads\/2013\/10\/339a0e1449b6b4062056bc300d87e893.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"339\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"149\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"H\u00fcseyin Caner AKKURT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"H\u00fcseyin Caner AKKURT\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/\",\"name\":\"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 19\/5\/2013 - Assam\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/downloads\/2013\/10\/339a0e1449b6b4062056bc300d87e893.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-10-04T01:06:29+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/6248496c49ac8b96f472f275e268da83\"},\"description\":\"Asimetrik Sava\u015fta ABD ve Nato'nun Rol\u00fc 1 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi\u2019ne yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George W. Bush\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u201cArt\u0131k her ulus karar\u0131n\u0131 vermelidir ya bizimlesiniz ya da ter\u00f6ristlerle!\u2026\u201d retori\u011fi g\u00fcnlerce d\u00fcnya televizyonlar\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcp durmu\u015ftu. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar Afganistan\u2019da koalisyon y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekecek olan \u00fclkelerin ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u201ck\u00fcresel ter\u00f6rizm\u201d le daha iyi m\u00fccadele edebilmek \u00fczere hedef kamuoyunu daha ziyade M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu olan \u00fclkelerde, niyet ve maksatlar\u0131n\u0131, stratejik vizyonlar\u0131n\u0131, uygulayacaklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131 \u201cme\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak\u201d i\u00e7in hedef kamuoyunda alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yaratmaya y\u00f6nelik bir psikolojik ve stratejik ileti\u015fim modelidir. Zira d\u00fcnya kamuoyu genelde, ABD\u2019nin prestijinin sars\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdur pozisyonunda olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla operasyona destek verdi. Ancak ABD, 7 Ekim 2001\u2019de \u201cSonsuz \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015fgal etti\u011fi Afganistan\u2019da tam manas\u0131yla bu alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Bunun sonucu olarak da; aralar\u0131ndaki menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kendi lehine \u00e7evirmek isteyen taraflardan birisinin sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, analitik olarak di\u011ferine nazaran alt edilemez bir seviyede oldu\u011fu zaman patlak veren, t\u0131pk\u0131 Vietnam\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cAsimetrik Sava\u015f\u201dla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dengesiz sava\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan taraflardan zay\u0131f olan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olana kar\u015f\u0131 sergiledi\u011fi asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131m; \u00fcst\u00fcn taraf\u0131n zaaflar\u0131ndan yararlanarak onun devasa g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc alt etmeye y\u00f6nelik olarak, beklenmeyen, \u00f6nlenemeyen veya normal olarak tercih edilmeyen y\u00f6ntemler, silahlar ve teknolojileri her an her yerde kullanmakt\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve d\u00fczenli bir ordu yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 olan taraf, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeksizin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki direni\u015f kuvvetiyle ba\u015f etmek i\u00e7in konvansiyonel taktikleri kullanmaktan ba\u015fka bir se\u00e7enek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez. Ancak zay\u0131f olan\u0131n ayn\u0131 sava\u015f taktiklerini uygulamas\u0131 ne m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ne de ak\u0131lc\u0131d\u0131r. Direnen zay\u0131f taraf, sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in simetrik bir cephede kar\u015f\u0131 koymaktan ziyade, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n kendi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayan zay\u0131f b\u00f6lgelerine sald\u0131rmay\u0131 hi\u00e7 teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz hedefleyecektir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131n g\u00f6ze almak istemedi\u011fi insan kay\u0131plar\u0131, davas\u0131 u\u011fruna \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015f insanlardan olu\u015fan zay\u0131f taraf\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck silahlar\u0131ndan birisidir.11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 7 Nisan\u2019da Afganistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Zabul kentinde bomba y\u00fckl\u00fc ara\u00e7la NATO konvoyunun hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc eylemi olmasa bile ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin g\u00fcndeme gelerek nemaland\u0131klar\u0131; \u201cAmerikan derin devleti\u201d komplosu bile olsa, 15 Nisan\u2019da ABD\u2019de Boston Maratonu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan bombal\u0131 ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lar asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131ma birer \u00f6rnektir. Askeri anlamda son y\u0131llar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 konferans\u0131 olarak nitelendirebilece\u011fimiz, 57 \u00fclkeden alan\u0131nda uzman akademisyen ve uzman askerlerin oldu\u011fu ve benim de kat\u0131lma imkan\u0131 buldu\u011fumICAP-13(Uluslararas\u0131 Hava ve Uzay G\u00fcc\u00fc Konferans\u0131) 27-29 Mart tarihinde Harp Akademileri\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Amac\u0131n\u0131n; hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, teknolojinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer ilgi alanlar\u0131 ile etkile\u015fimi \u00fczerine kuramsal ve uygulamal\u0131 bilgilere odaklanarak; savunma ve end\u00fcstriyel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n sunumu ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcn, akademik bir forum sa\u011flamakolarak belirlendi\u011fi Konferansta, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemine de\u011finen, ABD Merkezi \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019nda (CIA) uzun y\u0131llar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Harvard\u2019da da dersler veren hava ve uzay stratejistiDr. Benjamin Lambeth\u2019in \u201c Asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan konvansiyonel sava\u015fta hava g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemi onaylanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava silahlar\u0131n\u0131n isyan bast\u0131rmadaki etkisi ve sivil insan kay\u0131plar\u0131na sebep olmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi husus asl\u0131nda Afganistan \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi masum insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olan operasyonlar\u0131n asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckleyerek sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da geciktirdi\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Emekli B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Elekda\u011f\u2019\u0131n ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c2.5 sava\u015f\u201d stratejisindeki bu\u00e7uk, asimetrik y\u00f6ntemlerin sava\u015f terminolojisinde yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ifadesidir. Buradan \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn; e\u011fer askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar stratejik ba\u015far\u0131ya de\u011fil de fiyaskoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsa, planlanan, arzu edilen bar\u0131\u015f temenniden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emeyecek ve asimetrik sava\u015f olanca h\u0131z\u0131yla ve g\u00fcc\u00fcyle halk\u0131 arkas\u0131na alarak ve artarak en primitif \u015fekliyle devam edecektir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ABD ve NATO, stratejik esneklik kayb\u0131 ve k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma spektrumunda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 temel insani de\u011ferleri, toplumsal ve geleneksel refleksleri dikkate almamakta ve asimetrik sava\u015f enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n etki alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha da geni\u015flemesine ve bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131llarca devam etmesine neden olmaktad\u0131rlar. NATO konvoyunun b\u00f6lgedeki bir okula kitap ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapmaya giderken sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131, NATO'nun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk olan 12 sivil Afganl\u0131y\u0131 hava bombard\u0131man\u0131yla katletmesini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steremez. Keza, kimler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131rsa yap\u0131ls\u0131n Boston Maratonu\u2019ndaki sald\u0131r\u0131 da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne maalesef m\u00fcttefik bat\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin amac\u0131; ICAP-13\u2019te \u0130talya kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan Prof. LucianoBozzo\u2019nun yerinde tespitiyle \u201cmesele sadece zafer elde etmek de\u011fil, \u00fclkenin sosyal yaralar\u0131n\u0131 da sarmak zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. \u015eu an bunu kimse yapmak istemiyor Yap\u0131lan ve hedefte olan sadece y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve neo-liberal Pazar ekonomisini hakim k\u0131larak b\u00f6lgede k\u00fcresel hakimiyet kurman\u0131n zeminini haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131r\u2026\u201d Siyasi tabirle\u201ckamu diplomasisi,\u201d askeri tabirle \u201cstratejik ileti\u015fim\u201d konusunda yeni k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik parametrelerine uygun olarak kendini Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6rev yapan bir savunma \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden, k\u00fcresel bir g\u00fcvenlik akt\u00f6r\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek isteyen NATO, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ileti\u015fimin stratejik y\u00f6netimini \u00f6nemli bir idari fonksiyonu olarak ele almak zorundad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fcttefikleri ve \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri, mesela T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkeler, b\u00f6lgeyi h\u0131zla asimetrik sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen, me\u015frulu\u011funun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fman alg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerden sorumlulu\u011fu devralmal\u0131, reaktif refleksler yerine proaktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve \u00e7abalarla, deyim yerindeyse \u201csoftpower\u201d bir siyasetle; yani stratejik ileti\u015fimi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve reel bir \u015fekilde in\u015fa eden bir sinerji ve perspektifle Taliban ve Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin en az\u0131ndan asgari m\u00fc\u015ftereklerde m\u00fczakere edebilir ve masada kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oturabilir hale getirmenin \u00e7arelerini \u00fcretmelidirler. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ile bir \u201cso\u011fuk sava\u015f art\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak me\u015fruiyetinin sorgulanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, g\u00fcvenlik anlam\u0131nda hala en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct h\u00fcviyetini korumaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun eski genel sekreteri Jaap De HoopScheffer\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cde\u011fi\u015fen k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik ortam\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 gereken NATO\u2019nun yeni d\u00f6nemde bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yorumlamas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ya da \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczere olan tehditleri \u201calan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u201d hen\u00fcz Avrupa-Atlantik b\u00f6lgesini etkilemeden kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ve bu maksatla di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle daha s\u0131k\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in ileti\u015fime y\u00f6nelmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.\u201d K\u00fcreselle\u015fen d\u00fcnyada transatlantik ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha \u00f6nemli hale geldi\u011fi bir zaman diliminde olunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde gizli ajandas\u0131 oldu\u011fu alg\u0131sal olgusuyla itibar kaybetmeye devam etmektedir. N\u00fcfuz alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde en ba\u015fta varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi haline gelmi\u015f bir pozisyona d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan NATO hakk\u0131ndaki alg\u0131 ve kanaatlerin olumlu anlamda ve kurumsal itibar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek tarzda \u015fekillendirilmesi en az\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. ABD Ordusu ve NATO\u2019nun ileti\u015fim stratejileri konusunda Afganistan ve benzeri \u00fclkelerde me\u015fruiyet zemininde derin fay hatlar\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge halklar\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u201cBat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019la sava\u015fta oldu\u011fu\u201d alg\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak bu me\u015fruiyeti sorgular hale getirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve k\u0131smen baz\u0131 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilen operasyonlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sivil kay\u0131plar da NATO\u2019nun \u201ciyi niyet\\\"i konusunda soru i\u015faretleri belirmesine ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131pranmas\u0131na neden olmaya devam etmektedir. NATO yeni etki alan\u0131 olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde ileti\u015fim faaliyetlerini se\u00e7kinci bir anlay\u0131\u015fla toplumun elit kesimlerine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi i\u00e7in sokaktaki vatanda\u015fa hitap edecek bir ileti\u015fim stratejisi geli\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Sosyal projeler ba\u011flam\u0131nda, bat\u0131 tandansl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k projelerinde mesela; bir\u00e7ok yerde g\u00fcven bunal\u0131m\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7ocuk a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yapmada bile zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun Afganistan\u2019daki ileti\u015fim projeleri konusunda literat\u00fcr tarand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Afgan elitlerle, Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n NATO alg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u00e7urumun da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmesi do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. Keza Almanya konu\u015flu Marshall Fonu\u2019nun(GMF) her y\u0131l d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cTransatlantik E\u011filimler\u201d anketinin 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda bu anketin ilk kez d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri anket d\u00fczenlenen \u00fclkelerdeki elitlerin NATO yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik tespit edilemezken, \u00f6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de elitlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda NATO\u2019yu destekleme oran\u0131 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 53 iken bu oran\u0131n 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 30\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fmesi olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Yine ayn\u0131 kurulu\u015f GMF\u2019nin anketinde birliklerin Afganistan\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesini isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n oran\u0131 2011\u2019de % 35 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131rken, 2012\u2019de oran % 44\u2019t\u00fcr. Afganistan\u2019da birliklerin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2009\u2019da % 30 iken, 2012\u2019de % 5\u2019e gerilemi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermektedir ki 2014\u2019\u00fcn sonuna kadar ABD\u2019nin Afganistan'dan \u00e7ekilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Halihaz\u0131rda 66 bin ABD askeri bulundu\u011fu ve \u00e7ekilme sonras\u0131 15 bininin kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Nitekim Afganistan\u2019da uzun y\u0131llar g\u00f6rev yapan Amerikan eski B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Robert Finn de 18 Nisan\u2019da Zaman\u2019a verdi\u011fi m\u00fclakatta ABD\u2019nin asl\u0131nda Afganistan\u2019da kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu tespit ve tahlillerimizin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6r ve b\u00f6lgesel lider g\u00fc\u00e7 olma iddias\u0131n\u0131 kendi sorumluluk alanlar\u0131nda b\u00f6lge istikrar\u0131 ad\u0131na bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik konseptinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u201cBar\u0131\u015f ve Karde\u015flik Projesi\u201dnin ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bunu t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgedeki problemli alanlara model olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi pekala m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1) 19 May\u0131s 2013'te Zaman Gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/downloads\/2013\/10\/339a0e1449b6b4062056bc300d87e893.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/downloads\/2013\/10\/339a0e1449b6b4062056bc300d87e893.jpg\",\"width\":339,\"height\":149,\"caption\":\"Asimetrik Sava\u015f\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 19\/5\/2013\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/\",\"name\":\"Assam\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/6248496c49ac8b96f472f275e268da83\",\"name\":\"H\u00fcseyin Caner AKKURT\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/357b3103b188c1440ebd09ba80ab88b4a369640ee3262bb98c2e5ce0ef305928?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/357b3103b188c1440ebd09ba80ab88b4a369640ee3262bb98c2e5ce0ef305928?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"H\u00fcseyin Caner AKKURT\"},\"description\":\"Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131-Yazar\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/author\/huseyincaner\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Assam","description":"Asimetrik Sava\u015fta ABD ve Nato'nun Rol\u00fc 1 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi\u2019ne yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George W. Bush\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u201cArt\u0131k her ulus karar\u0131n\u0131 vermelidir ya bizimlesiniz ya da ter\u00f6ristlerle!\u2026\u201d retori\u011fi g\u00fcnlerce d\u00fcnya televizyonlar\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcp durmu\u015ftu. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar Afganistan\u2019da koalisyon y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekecek olan \u00fclkelerin ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u201ck\u00fcresel ter\u00f6rizm\u201d le daha iyi m\u00fccadele edebilmek \u00fczere hedef kamuoyunu daha ziyade M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu olan \u00fclkelerde, niyet ve maksatlar\u0131n\u0131, stratejik vizyonlar\u0131n\u0131, uygulayacaklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131 \u201cme\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak\u201d i\u00e7in hedef kamuoyunda alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yaratmaya y\u00f6nelik bir psikolojik ve stratejik ileti\u015fim modelidir. Zira d\u00fcnya kamuoyu genelde, ABD\u2019nin prestijinin sars\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdur pozisyonunda olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla operasyona destek verdi. Ancak ABD, 7 Ekim 2001\u2019de \u201cSonsuz \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015fgal etti\u011fi Afganistan\u2019da tam manas\u0131yla bu alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Bunun sonucu olarak da; aralar\u0131ndaki menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kendi lehine \u00e7evirmek isteyen taraflardan birisinin sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, analitik olarak di\u011ferine nazaran alt edilemez bir seviyede oldu\u011fu zaman patlak veren, t\u0131pk\u0131 Vietnam\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cAsimetrik Sava\u015f\u201dla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dengesiz sava\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan taraflardan zay\u0131f olan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olana kar\u015f\u0131 sergiledi\u011fi asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131m; \u00fcst\u00fcn taraf\u0131n zaaflar\u0131ndan yararlanarak onun devasa g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc alt etmeye y\u00f6nelik olarak, beklenmeyen, \u00f6nlenemeyen veya normal olarak tercih edilmeyen y\u00f6ntemler, silahlar ve teknolojileri her an her yerde kullanmakt\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve d\u00fczenli bir ordu yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 olan taraf, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeksizin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki direni\u015f kuvvetiyle ba\u015f etmek i\u00e7in konvansiyonel taktikleri kullanmaktan ba\u015fka bir se\u00e7enek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez. Ancak zay\u0131f olan\u0131n ayn\u0131 sava\u015f taktiklerini uygulamas\u0131 ne m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ne de ak\u0131lc\u0131d\u0131r. Direnen zay\u0131f taraf, sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in simetrik bir cephede kar\u015f\u0131 koymaktan ziyade, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n kendi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayan zay\u0131f b\u00f6lgelerine sald\u0131rmay\u0131 hi\u00e7 teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz hedefleyecektir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131n g\u00f6ze almak istemedi\u011fi insan kay\u0131plar\u0131, davas\u0131 u\u011fruna \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015f insanlardan olu\u015fan zay\u0131f taraf\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck silahlar\u0131ndan birisidir.11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 7 Nisan\u2019da Afganistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Zabul kentinde bomba y\u00fckl\u00fc ara\u00e7la NATO konvoyunun hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc eylemi olmasa bile ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin g\u00fcndeme gelerek nemaland\u0131klar\u0131; \u201cAmerikan derin devleti\u201d komplosu bile olsa, 15 Nisan\u2019da ABD\u2019de Boston Maratonu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan bombal\u0131 ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lar asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131ma birer \u00f6rnektir. Askeri anlamda son y\u0131llar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 konferans\u0131 olarak nitelendirebilece\u011fimiz, 57 \u00fclkeden alan\u0131nda uzman akademisyen ve uzman askerlerin oldu\u011fu ve benim de kat\u0131lma imkan\u0131 buldu\u011fumICAP-13(Uluslararas\u0131 Hava ve Uzay G\u00fcc\u00fc Konferans\u0131) 27-29 Mart tarihinde Harp Akademileri\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Amac\u0131n\u0131n; hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, teknolojinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer ilgi alanlar\u0131 ile etkile\u015fimi \u00fczerine kuramsal ve uygulamal\u0131 bilgilere odaklanarak; savunma ve end\u00fcstriyel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n sunumu ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcn, akademik bir forum sa\u011flamakolarak belirlendi\u011fi Konferansta, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemine de\u011finen, ABD Merkezi \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019nda (CIA) uzun y\u0131llar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Harvard\u2019da da dersler veren hava ve uzay stratejistiDr. Benjamin Lambeth\u2019in \u201c Asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan konvansiyonel sava\u015fta hava g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemi onaylanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava silahlar\u0131n\u0131n isyan bast\u0131rmadaki etkisi ve sivil insan kay\u0131plar\u0131na sebep olmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi husus asl\u0131nda Afganistan \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi masum insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olan operasyonlar\u0131n asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckleyerek sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da geciktirdi\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Emekli B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Elekda\u011f\u2019\u0131n ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c2.5 sava\u015f\u201d stratejisindeki bu\u00e7uk, asimetrik y\u00f6ntemlerin sava\u015f terminolojisinde yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ifadesidir. Buradan \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn; e\u011fer askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar stratejik ba\u015far\u0131ya de\u011fil de fiyaskoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsa, planlanan, arzu edilen bar\u0131\u015f temenniden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emeyecek ve asimetrik sava\u015f olanca h\u0131z\u0131yla ve g\u00fcc\u00fcyle halk\u0131 arkas\u0131na alarak ve artarak en primitif \u015fekliyle devam edecektir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ABD ve NATO, stratejik esneklik kayb\u0131 ve k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma spektrumunda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 temel insani de\u011ferleri, toplumsal ve geleneksel refleksleri dikkate almamakta ve asimetrik sava\u015f enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n etki alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha da geni\u015flemesine ve bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131llarca devam etmesine neden olmaktad\u0131rlar. NATO konvoyunun b\u00f6lgedeki bir okula kitap ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapmaya giderken sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131, NATO'nun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk olan 12 sivil Afganl\u0131y\u0131 hava bombard\u0131man\u0131yla katletmesini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steremez. Keza, kimler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131rsa yap\u0131ls\u0131n Boston Maratonu\u2019ndaki sald\u0131r\u0131 da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne maalesef m\u00fcttefik bat\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin amac\u0131; ICAP-13\u2019te \u0130talya kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan Prof. LucianoBozzo\u2019nun yerinde tespitiyle \u201cmesele sadece zafer elde etmek de\u011fil, \u00fclkenin sosyal yaralar\u0131n\u0131 da sarmak zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. \u015eu an bunu kimse yapmak istemiyor Yap\u0131lan ve hedefte olan sadece y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve neo-liberal Pazar ekonomisini hakim k\u0131larak b\u00f6lgede k\u00fcresel hakimiyet kurman\u0131n zeminini haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131r\u2026\u201d Siyasi tabirle\u201ckamu diplomasisi,\u201d askeri tabirle \u201cstratejik ileti\u015fim\u201d konusunda yeni k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik parametrelerine uygun olarak kendini Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6rev yapan bir savunma \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden, k\u00fcresel bir g\u00fcvenlik akt\u00f6r\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek isteyen NATO, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ileti\u015fimin stratejik y\u00f6netimini \u00f6nemli bir idari fonksiyonu olarak ele almak zorundad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fcttefikleri ve \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri, mesela T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkeler, b\u00f6lgeyi h\u0131zla asimetrik sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen, me\u015frulu\u011funun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fman alg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerden sorumlulu\u011fu devralmal\u0131, reaktif refleksler yerine proaktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve \u00e7abalarla, deyim yerindeyse \u201csoftpower\u201d bir siyasetle; yani stratejik ileti\u015fimi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve reel bir \u015fekilde in\u015fa eden bir sinerji ve perspektifle Taliban ve Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin en az\u0131ndan asgari m\u00fc\u015ftereklerde m\u00fczakere edebilir ve masada kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oturabilir hale getirmenin \u00e7arelerini \u00fcretmelidirler. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ile bir \u201cso\u011fuk sava\u015f art\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak me\u015fruiyetinin sorgulanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, g\u00fcvenlik anlam\u0131nda hala en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct h\u00fcviyetini korumaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun eski genel sekreteri Jaap De HoopScheffer\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cde\u011fi\u015fen k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik ortam\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 gereken NATO\u2019nun yeni d\u00f6nemde bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yorumlamas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ya da \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczere olan tehditleri \u201calan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u201d hen\u00fcz Avrupa-Atlantik b\u00f6lgesini etkilemeden kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ve bu maksatla di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle daha s\u0131k\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in ileti\u015fime y\u00f6nelmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.\u201d K\u00fcreselle\u015fen d\u00fcnyada transatlantik ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha \u00f6nemli hale geldi\u011fi bir zaman diliminde olunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde gizli ajandas\u0131 oldu\u011fu alg\u0131sal olgusuyla itibar kaybetmeye devam etmektedir. N\u00fcfuz alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde en ba\u015fta varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi haline gelmi\u015f bir pozisyona d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan NATO hakk\u0131ndaki alg\u0131 ve kanaatlerin olumlu anlamda ve kurumsal itibar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek tarzda \u015fekillendirilmesi en az\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. ABD Ordusu ve NATO\u2019nun ileti\u015fim stratejileri konusunda Afganistan ve benzeri \u00fclkelerde me\u015fruiyet zemininde derin fay hatlar\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge halklar\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u201cBat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019la sava\u015fta oldu\u011fu\u201d alg\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak bu me\u015fruiyeti sorgular hale getirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve k\u0131smen baz\u0131 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilen operasyonlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sivil kay\u0131plar da NATO\u2019nun \u201ciyi niyet\"i konusunda soru i\u015faretleri belirmesine ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131pranmas\u0131na neden olmaya devam etmektedir. NATO yeni etki alan\u0131 olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde ileti\u015fim faaliyetlerini se\u00e7kinci bir anlay\u0131\u015fla toplumun elit kesimlerine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi i\u00e7in sokaktaki vatanda\u015fa hitap edecek bir ileti\u015fim stratejisi geli\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Sosyal projeler ba\u011flam\u0131nda, bat\u0131 tandansl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k projelerinde mesela; bir\u00e7ok yerde g\u00fcven bunal\u0131m\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7ocuk a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yapmada bile zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun Afganistan\u2019daki ileti\u015fim projeleri konusunda literat\u00fcr tarand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Afgan elitlerle, Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n NATO alg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u00e7urumun da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmesi do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. Keza Almanya konu\u015flu Marshall Fonu\u2019nun(GMF) her y\u0131l d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cTransatlantik E\u011filimler\u201d anketinin 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda bu anketin ilk kez d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri anket d\u00fczenlenen \u00fclkelerdeki elitlerin NATO yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik tespit edilemezken, \u00f6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de elitlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda NATO\u2019yu destekleme oran\u0131 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 53 iken bu oran\u0131n 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 30\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fmesi olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Yine ayn\u0131 kurulu\u015f GMF\u2019nin anketinde birliklerin Afganistan\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesini isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n oran\u0131 2011\u2019de % 35 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131rken, 2012\u2019de oran % 44\u2019t\u00fcr. Afganistan\u2019da birliklerin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2009\u2019da % 30 iken, 2012\u2019de % 5\u2019e gerilemi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermektedir ki 2014\u2019\u00fcn sonuna kadar ABD\u2019nin Afganistan'dan \u00e7ekilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Halihaz\u0131rda 66 bin ABD askeri bulundu\u011fu ve \u00e7ekilme sonras\u0131 15 bininin kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Nitekim Afganistan\u2019da uzun y\u0131llar g\u00f6rev yapan Amerikan eski B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Robert Finn de 18 Nisan\u2019da Zaman\u2019a verdi\u011fi m\u00fclakatta ABD\u2019nin asl\u0131nda Afganistan\u2019da kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu tespit ve tahlillerimizin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6r ve b\u00f6lgesel lider g\u00fc\u00e7 olma iddias\u0131n\u0131 kendi sorumluluk alanlar\u0131nda b\u00f6lge istikrar\u0131 ad\u0131na bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik konseptinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u201cBar\u0131\u015f ve Karde\u015flik Projesi\u201dnin ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bunu t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgedeki problemli alanlara model olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi pekala m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1) 19 May\u0131s 2013'te Zaman Gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 19\/5\/2013 - Assam","og_description":"Asimetrik Sava\u015fta ABD ve Nato'nun Rol\u00fc 1 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi\u2019ne yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George W. Bush\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u201cArt\u0131k her ulus karar\u0131n\u0131 vermelidir ya bizimlesiniz ya da ter\u00f6ristlerle!\u2026\u201d retori\u011fi g\u00fcnlerce d\u00fcnya televizyonlar\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcp durmu\u015ftu. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar Afganistan\u2019da koalisyon y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekecek olan \u00fclkelerin ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u201ck\u00fcresel ter\u00f6rizm\u201d le daha iyi m\u00fccadele edebilmek \u00fczere hedef kamuoyunu daha ziyade M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu olan \u00fclkelerde, niyet ve maksatlar\u0131n\u0131, stratejik vizyonlar\u0131n\u0131, uygulayacaklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131 \u201cme\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak\u201d i\u00e7in hedef kamuoyunda alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yaratmaya y\u00f6nelik bir psikolojik ve stratejik ileti\u015fim modelidir. Zira d\u00fcnya kamuoyu genelde, ABD\u2019nin prestijinin sars\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdur pozisyonunda olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla operasyona destek verdi. Ancak ABD, 7 Ekim 2001\u2019de \u201cSonsuz \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015fgal etti\u011fi Afganistan\u2019da tam manas\u0131yla bu alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Bunun sonucu olarak da; aralar\u0131ndaki menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kendi lehine \u00e7evirmek isteyen taraflardan birisinin sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, analitik olarak di\u011ferine nazaran alt edilemez bir seviyede oldu\u011fu zaman patlak veren, t\u0131pk\u0131 Vietnam\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cAsimetrik Sava\u015f\u201dla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dengesiz sava\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan taraflardan zay\u0131f olan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olana kar\u015f\u0131 sergiledi\u011fi asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131m; \u00fcst\u00fcn taraf\u0131n zaaflar\u0131ndan yararlanarak onun devasa g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc alt etmeye y\u00f6nelik olarak, beklenmeyen, \u00f6nlenemeyen veya normal olarak tercih edilmeyen y\u00f6ntemler, silahlar ve teknolojileri her an her yerde kullanmakt\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve d\u00fczenli bir ordu yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 olan taraf, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeksizin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki direni\u015f kuvvetiyle ba\u015f etmek i\u00e7in konvansiyonel taktikleri kullanmaktan ba\u015fka bir se\u00e7enek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez. Ancak zay\u0131f olan\u0131n ayn\u0131 sava\u015f taktiklerini uygulamas\u0131 ne m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ne de ak\u0131lc\u0131d\u0131r. Direnen zay\u0131f taraf, sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in simetrik bir cephede kar\u015f\u0131 koymaktan ziyade, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n kendi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayan zay\u0131f b\u00f6lgelerine sald\u0131rmay\u0131 hi\u00e7 teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz hedefleyecektir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131n g\u00f6ze almak istemedi\u011fi insan kay\u0131plar\u0131, davas\u0131 u\u011fruna \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015f insanlardan olu\u015fan zay\u0131f taraf\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck silahlar\u0131ndan birisidir.11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 7 Nisan\u2019da Afganistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Zabul kentinde bomba y\u00fckl\u00fc ara\u00e7la NATO konvoyunun hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc eylemi olmasa bile ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin g\u00fcndeme gelerek nemaland\u0131klar\u0131; \u201cAmerikan derin devleti\u201d komplosu bile olsa, 15 Nisan\u2019da ABD\u2019de Boston Maratonu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan bombal\u0131 ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lar asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131ma birer \u00f6rnektir. Askeri anlamda son y\u0131llar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 konferans\u0131 olarak nitelendirebilece\u011fimiz, 57 \u00fclkeden alan\u0131nda uzman akademisyen ve uzman askerlerin oldu\u011fu ve benim de kat\u0131lma imkan\u0131 buldu\u011fumICAP-13(Uluslararas\u0131 Hava ve Uzay G\u00fcc\u00fc Konferans\u0131) 27-29 Mart tarihinde Harp Akademileri\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Amac\u0131n\u0131n; hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, teknolojinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer ilgi alanlar\u0131 ile etkile\u015fimi \u00fczerine kuramsal ve uygulamal\u0131 bilgilere odaklanarak; savunma ve end\u00fcstriyel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n sunumu ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcn, akademik bir forum sa\u011flamakolarak belirlendi\u011fi Konferansta, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemine de\u011finen, ABD Merkezi \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019nda (CIA) uzun y\u0131llar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Harvard\u2019da da dersler veren hava ve uzay stratejistiDr. Benjamin Lambeth\u2019in \u201c Asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan konvansiyonel sava\u015fta hava g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemi onaylanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava silahlar\u0131n\u0131n isyan bast\u0131rmadaki etkisi ve sivil insan kay\u0131plar\u0131na sebep olmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi husus asl\u0131nda Afganistan \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi masum insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olan operasyonlar\u0131n asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckleyerek sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da geciktirdi\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Emekli B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Elekda\u011f\u2019\u0131n ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c2.5 sava\u015f\u201d stratejisindeki bu\u00e7uk, asimetrik y\u00f6ntemlerin sava\u015f terminolojisinde yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ifadesidir. Buradan \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn; e\u011fer askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar stratejik ba\u015far\u0131ya de\u011fil de fiyaskoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsa, planlanan, arzu edilen bar\u0131\u015f temenniden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emeyecek ve asimetrik sava\u015f olanca h\u0131z\u0131yla ve g\u00fcc\u00fcyle halk\u0131 arkas\u0131na alarak ve artarak en primitif \u015fekliyle devam edecektir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ABD ve NATO, stratejik esneklik kayb\u0131 ve k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma spektrumunda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 temel insani de\u011ferleri, toplumsal ve geleneksel refleksleri dikkate almamakta ve asimetrik sava\u015f enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n etki alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha da geni\u015flemesine ve bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131llarca devam etmesine neden olmaktad\u0131rlar. NATO konvoyunun b\u00f6lgedeki bir okula kitap ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapmaya giderken sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131, NATO'nun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk olan 12 sivil Afganl\u0131y\u0131 hava bombard\u0131man\u0131yla katletmesini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steremez. Keza, kimler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131rsa yap\u0131ls\u0131n Boston Maratonu\u2019ndaki sald\u0131r\u0131 da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne maalesef m\u00fcttefik bat\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin amac\u0131; ICAP-13\u2019te \u0130talya kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan Prof. LucianoBozzo\u2019nun yerinde tespitiyle \u201cmesele sadece zafer elde etmek de\u011fil, \u00fclkenin sosyal yaralar\u0131n\u0131 da sarmak zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. \u015eu an bunu kimse yapmak istemiyor Yap\u0131lan ve hedefte olan sadece y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve neo-liberal Pazar ekonomisini hakim k\u0131larak b\u00f6lgede k\u00fcresel hakimiyet kurman\u0131n zeminini haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131r\u2026\u201d Siyasi tabirle\u201ckamu diplomasisi,\u201d askeri tabirle \u201cstratejik ileti\u015fim\u201d konusunda yeni k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik parametrelerine uygun olarak kendini Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6rev yapan bir savunma \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden, k\u00fcresel bir g\u00fcvenlik akt\u00f6r\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek isteyen NATO, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ileti\u015fimin stratejik y\u00f6netimini \u00f6nemli bir idari fonksiyonu olarak ele almak zorundad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fcttefikleri ve \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri, mesela T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkeler, b\u00f6lgeyi h\u0131zla asimetrik sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen, me\u015frulu\u011funun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fman alg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerden sorumlulu\u011fu devralmal\u0131, reaktif refleksler yerine proaktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve \u00e7abalarla, deyim yerindeyse \u201csoftpower\u201d bir siyasetle; yani stratejik ileti\u015fimi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve reel bir \u015fekilde in\u015fa eden bir sinerji ve perspektifle Taliban ve Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin en az\u0131ndan asgari m\u00fc\u015ftereklerde m\u00fczakere edebilir ve masada kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oturabilir hale getirmenin \u00e7arelerini \u00fcretmelidirler. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ile bir \u201cso\u011fuk sava\u015f art\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak me\u015fruiyetinin sorgulanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, g\u00fcvenlik anlam\u0131nda hala en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct h\u00fcviyetini korumaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun eski genel sekreteri Jaap De HoopScheffer\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cde\u011fi\u015fen k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik ortam\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 gereken NATO\u2019nun yeni d\u00f6nemde bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yorumlamas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ya da \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczere olan tehditleri \u201calan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u201d hen\u00fcz Avrupa-Atlantik b\u00f6lgesini etkilemeden kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ve bu maksatla di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle daha s\u0131k\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in ileti\u015fime y\u00f6nelmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.\u201d K\u00fcreselle\u015fen d\u00fcnyada transatlantik ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha \u00f6nemli hale geldi\u011fi bir zaman diliminde olunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde gizli ajandas\u0131 oldu\u011fu alg\u0131sal olgusuyla itibar kaybetmeye devam etmektedir. N\u00fcfuz alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde en ba\u015fta varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi haline gelmi\u015f bir pozisyona d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan NATO hakk\u0131ndaki alg\u0131 ve kanaatlerin olumlu anlamda ve kurumsal itibar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek tarzda \u015fekillendirilmesi en az\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. ABD Ordusu ve NATO\u2019nun ileti\u015fim stratejileri konusunda Afganistan ve benzeri \u00fclkelerde me\u015fruiyet zemininde derin fay hatlar\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge halklar\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u201cBat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019la sava\u015fta oldu\u011fu\u201d alg\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak bu me\u015fruiyeti sorgular hale getirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve k\u0131smen baz\u0131 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilen operasyonlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sivil kay\u0131plar da NATO\u2019nun \u201ciyi niyet\"i konusunda soru i\u015faretleri belirmesine ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131pranmas\u0131na neden olmaya devam etmektedir. NATO yeni etki alan\u0131 olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde ileti\u015fim faaliyetlerini se\u00e7kinci bir anlay\u0131\u015fla toplumun elit kesimlerine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi i\u00e7in sokaktaki vatanda\u015fa hitap edecek bir ileti\u015fim stratejisi geli\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Sosyal projeler ba\u011flam\u0131nda, bat\u0131 tandansl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k projelerinde mesela; bir\u00e7ok yerde g\u00fcven bunal\u0131m\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7ocuk a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yapmada bile zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun Afganistan\u2019daki ileti\u015fim projeleri konusunda literat\u00fcr tarand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Afgan elitlerle, Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n NATO alg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u00e7urumun da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmesi do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. Keza Almanya konu\u015flu Marshall Fonu\u2019nun(GMF) her y\u0131l d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cTransatlantik E\u011filimler\u201d anketinin 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda bu anketin ilk kez d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri anket d\u00fczenlenen \u00fclkelerdeki elitlerin NATO yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik tespit edilemezken, \u00f6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de elitlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda NATO\u2019yu destekleme oran\u0131 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 53 iken bu oran\u0131n 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 30\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fmesi olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Yine ayn\u0131 kurulu\u015f GMF\u2019nin anketinde birliklerin Afganistan\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesini isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n oran\u0131 2011\u2019de % 35 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131rken, 2012\u2019de oran % 44\u2019t\u00fcr. Afganistan\u2019da birliklerin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2009\u2019da % 30 iken, 2012\u2019de % 5\u2019e gerilemi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermektedir ki 2014\u2019\u00fcn sonuna kadar ABD\u2019nin Afganistan'dan \u00e7ekilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Halihaz\u0131rda 66 bin ABD askeri bulundu\u011fu ve \u00e7ekilme sonras\u0131 15 bininin kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Nitekim Afganistan\u2019da uzun y\u0131llar g\u00f6rev yapan Amerikan eski B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Robert Finn de 18 Nisan\u2019da Zaman\u2019a verdi\u011fi m\u00fclakatta ABD\u2019nin asl\u0131nda Afganistan\u2019da kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu tespit ve tahlillerimizin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6r ve b\u00f6lgesel lider g\u00fc\u00e7 olma iddias\u0131n\u0131 kendi sorumluluk alanlar\u0131nda b\u00f6lge istikrar\u0131 ad\u0131na bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik konseptinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u201cBar\u0131\u015f ve Karde\u015flik Projesi\u201dnin ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bunu t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgedeki problemli alanlara model olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi pekala m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1) 19 May\u0131s 2013'te Zaman Gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r","og_url":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/","og_site_name":"Assam","article_published_time":"2013-10-04T01:06:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":339,"height":149,"url":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/downloads\/2013\/10\/339a0e1449b6b4062056bc300d87e893.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"H\u00fcseyin Caner AKKURT","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"H\u00fcseyin Caner AKKURT"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/","url":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/","name":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 19\/5\/2013 - Assam","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/downloads\/2013\/10\/339a0e1449b6b4062056bc300d87e893.jpg","datePublished":"2013-10-04T01:06:29+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/6248496c49ac8b96f472f275e268da83"},"description":"Asimetrik Sava\u015fta ABD ve Nato'nun Rol\u00fc 1 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi\u2019ne yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George W. Bush\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u201cArt\u0131k her ulus karar\u0131n\u0131 vermelidir ya bizimlesiniz ya da ter\u00f6ristlerle!\u2026\u201d retori\u011fi g\u00fcnlerce d\u00fcnya televizyonlar\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcp durmu\u015ftu. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar Afganistan\u2019da koalisyon y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekecek olan \u00fclkelerin ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u201ck\u00fcresel ter\u00f6rizm\u201d le daha iyi m\u00fccadele edebilmek \u00fczere hedef kamuoyunu daha ziyade M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu olan \u00fclkelerde, niyet ve maksatlar\u0131n\u0131, stratejik vizyonlar\u0131n\u0131, uygulayacaklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131 \u201cme\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak\u201d i\u00e7in hedef kamuoyunda alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yaratmaya y\u00f6nelik bir psikolojik ve stratejik ileti\u015fim modelidir. Zira d\u00fcnya kamuoyu genelde, ABD\u2019nin prestijinin sars\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdur pozisyonunda olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla operasyona destek verdi. Ancak ABD, 7 Ekim 2001\u2019de \u201cSonsuz \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015fgal etti\u011fi Afganistan\u2019da tam manas\u0131yla bu alg\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Bunun sonucu olarak da; aralar\u0131ndaki menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kendi lehine \u00e7evirmek isteyen taraflardan birisinin sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, analitik olarak di\u011ferine nazaran alt edilemez bir seviyede oldu\u011fu zaman patlak veren, t\u0131pk\u0131 Vietnam\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cAsimetrik Sava\u015f\u201dla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dengesiz sava\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan taraflardan zay\u0131f olan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olana kar\u015f\u0131 sergiledi\u011fi asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131m; \u00fcst\u00fcn taraf\u0131n zaaflar\u0131ndan yararlanarak onun devasa g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc alt etmeye y\u00f6nelik olarak, beklenmeyen, \u00f6nlenemeyen veya normal olarak tercih edilmeyen y\u00f6ntemler, silahlar ve teknolojileri her an her yerde kullanmakt\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve d\u00fczenli bir ordu yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 olan taraf, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeksizin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki direni\u015f kuvvetiyle ba\u015f etmek i\u00e7in konvansiyonel taktikleri kullanmaktan ba\u015fka bir se\u00e7enek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez. Ancak zay\u0131f olan\u0131n ayn\u0131 sava\u015f taktiklerini uygulamas\u0131 ne m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ne de ak\u0131lc\u0131d\u0131r. Direnen zay\u0131f taraf, sava\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in simetrik bir cephede kar\u015f\u0131 koymaktan ziyade, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n kendi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayan zay\u0131f b\u00f6lgelerine sald\u0131rmay\u0131 hi\u00e7 teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz hedefleyecektir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131n g\u00f6ze almak istemedi\u011fi insan kay\u0131plar\u0131, davas\u0131 u\u011fruna \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015f insanlardan olu\u015fan zay\u0131f taraf\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck silahlar\u0131ndan birisidir.11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 7 Nisan\u2019da Afganistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Zabul kentinde bomba y\u00fckl\u00fc ara\u00e7la NATO konvoyunun hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc eylemi olmasa bile ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin g\u00fcndeme gelerek nemaland\u0131klar\u0131; \u201cAmerikan derin devleti\u201d komplosu bile olsa, 15 Nisan\u2019da ABD\u2019de Boston Maratonu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan bombal\u0131 ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lar asimetrik yakla\u015f\u0131ma birer \u00f6rnektir. Askeri anlamda son y\u0131llar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 konferans\u0131 olarak nitelendirebilece\u011fimiz, 57 \u00fclkeden alan\u0131nda uzman akademisyen ve uzman askerlerin oldu\u011fu ve benim de kat\u0131lma imkan\u0131 buldu\u011fumICAP-13(Uluslararas\u0131 Hava ve Uzay G\u00fcc\u00fc Konferans\u0131) 27-29 Mart tarihinde Harp Akademileri\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Amac\u0131n\u0131n; hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, teknolojinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer ilgi alanlar\u0131 ile etkile\u015fimi \u00fczerine kuramsal ve uygulamal\u0131 bilgilere odaklanarak; savunma ve end\u00fcstriyel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n sunumu ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcn, akademik bir forum sa\u011flamakolarak belirlendi\u011fi Konferansta, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava ve uzay g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemine de\u011finen, ABD Merkezi \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019nda (CIA) uzun y\u0131llar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Harvard\u2019da da dersler veren hava ve uzay stratejistiDr. Benjamin Lambeth\u2019in \u201c Asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan konvansiyonel sava\u015fta hava g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemi onaylanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hava silahlar\u0131n\u0131n isyan bast\u0131rmadaki etkisi ve sivil insan kay\u0131plar\u0131na sebep olmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi husus asl\u0131nda Afganistan \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi masum insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olan operasyonlar\u0131n asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckleyerek sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da geciktirdi\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Emekli B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Elekda\u011f\u2019\u0131n ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c2.5 sava\u015f\u201d stratejisindeki bu\u00e7uk, asimetrik y\u00f6ntemlerin sava\u015f terminolojisinde yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ifadesidir. Buradan \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn; e\u011fer askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar stratejik ba\u015far\u0131ya de\u011fil de fiyaskoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsa, planlanan, arzu edilen bar\u0131\u015f temenniden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emeyecek ve asimetrik sava\u015f olanca h\u0131z\u0131yla ve g\u00fcc\u00fcyle halk\u0131 arkas\u0131na alarak ve artarak en primitif \u015fekliyle devam edecektir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ABD ve NATO, stratejik esneklik kayb\u0131 ve k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma spektrumunda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 temel insani de\u011ferleri, toplumsal ve geleneksel refleksleri dikkate almamakta ve asimetrik sava\u015f enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n etki alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha da geni\u015flemesine ve bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131llarca devam etmesine neden olmaktad\u0131rlar. NATO konvoyunun b\u00f6lgedeki bir okula kitap ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapmaya giderken sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131, NATO'nun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk olan 12 sivil Afganl\u0131y\u0131 hava bombard\u0131man\u0131yla katletmesini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steremez. Keza, kimler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131rsa yap\u0131ls\u0131n Boston Maratonu\u2019ndaki sald\u0131r\u0131 da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne maalesef m\u00fcttefik bat\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin amac\u0131; ICAP-13\u2019te \u0130talya kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan Prof. LucianoBozzo\u2019nun yerinde tespitiyle \u201cmesele sadece zafer elde etmek de\u011fil, \u00fclkenin sosyal yaralar\u0131n\u0131 da sarmak zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. \u015eu an bunu kimse yapmak istemiyor Yap\u0131lan ve hedefte olan sadece y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve neo-liberal Pazar ekonomisini hakim k\u0131larak b\u00f6lgede k\u00fcresel hakimiyet kurman\u0131n zeminini haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131r\u2026\u201d Siyasi tabirle\u201ckamu diplomasisi,\u201d askeri tabirle \u201cstratejik ileti\u015fim\u201d konusunda yeni k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik parametrelerine uygun olarak kendini Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6rev yapan bir savunma \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden, k\u00fcresel bir g\u00fcvenlik akt\u00f6r\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek isteyen NATO, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ileti\u015fimin stratejik y\u00f6netimini \u00f6nemli bir idari fonksiyonu olarak ele almak zorundad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fcttefikleri ve \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri, mesela T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkeler, b\u00f6lgeyi h\u0131zla asimetrik sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen, me\u015frulu\u011funun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fman alg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerden sorumlulu\u011fu devralmal\u0131, reaktif refleksler yerine proaktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve \u00e7abalarla, deyim yerindeyse \u201csoftpower\u201d bir siyasetle; yani stratejik ileti\u015fimi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve reel bir \u015fekilde in\u015fa eden bir sinerji ve perspektifle Taliban ve Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin en az\u0131ndan asgari m\u00fc\u015ftereklerde m\u00fczakere edebilir ve masada kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oturabilir hale getirmenin \u00e7arelerini \u00fcretmelidirler. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ile bir \u201cso\u011fuk sava\u015f art\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak me\u015fruiyetinin sorgulanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, g\u00fcvenlik anlam\u0131nda hala en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct h\u00fcviyetini korumaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun eski genel sekreteri Jaap De HoopScheffer\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cde\u011fi\u015fen k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik ortam\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 gereken NATO\u2019nun yeni d\u00f6nemde bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yorumlamas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ya da \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczere olan tehditleri \u201calan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u201d hen\u00fcz Avrupa-Atlantik b\u00f6lgesini etkilemeden kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ve bu maksatla di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle daha s\u0131k\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in ileti\u015fime y\u00f6nelmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.\u201d K\u00fcreselle\u015fen d\u00fcnyada transatlantik ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha \u00f6nemli hale geldi\u011fi bir zaman diliminde olunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen NATO, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde gizli ajandas\u0131 oldu\u011fu alg\u0131sal olgusuyla itibar kaybetmeye devam etmektedir. N\u00fcfuz alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde en ba\u015fta varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla asimetrik sava\u015f\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi haline gelmi\u015f bir pozisyona d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan NATO hakk\u0131ndaki alg\u0131 ve kanaatlerin olumlu anlamda ve kurumsal itibar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek tarzda \u015fekillendirilmesi en az\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik Avrupa- Atlantik b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. ABD Ordusu ve NATO\u2019nun ileti\u015fim stratejileri konusunda Afganistan ve benzeri \u00fclkelerde me\u015fruiyet zemininde derin fay hatlar\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge halklar\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u201cBat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019la sava\u015fta oldu\u011fu\u201d alg\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak bu me\u015fruiyeti sorgular hale getirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve k\u0131smen baz\u0131 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilen operasyonlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sivil kay\u0131plar da NATO\u2019nun \u201ciyi niyet\"i konusunda soru i\u015faretleri belirmesine ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131pranmas\u0131na neden olmaya devam etmektedir. NATO yeni etki alan\u0131 olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde ileti\u015fim faaliyetlerini se\u00e7kinci bir anlay\u0131\u015fla toplumun elit kesimlerine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi i\u00e7in sokaktaki vatanda\u015fa hitap edecek bir ileti\u015fim stratejisi geli\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Sosyal projeler ba\u011flam\u0131nda, bat\u0131 tandansl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k projelerinde mesela; bir\u00e7ok yerde g\u00fcven bunal\u0131m\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7ocuk a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yapmada bile zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. NATO\u2019nun Afganistan\u2019daki ileti\u015fim projeleri konusunda literat\u00fcr tarand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Afgan elitlerle, Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n NATO alg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u00e7urumun da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmesi do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. Keza Almanya konu\u015flu Marshall Fonu\u2019nun(GMF) her y\u0131l d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cTransatlantik E\u011filimler\u201d anketinin 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda bu anketin ilk kez d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri anket d\u00fczenlenen \u00fclkelerdeki elitlerin NATO yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik tespit edilemezken, \u00f6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de elitlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda NATO\u2019yu destekleme oran\u0131 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 53 iken bu oran\u0131n 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 30\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fmesi olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Yine ayn\u0131 kurulu\u015f GMF\u2019nin anketinde birliklerin Afganistan\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesini isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n oran\u0131 2011\u2019de % 35 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131rken, 2012\u2019de oran % 44\u2019t\u00fcr. Afganistan\u2019da birliklerin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2009\u2019da % 30 iken, 2012\u2019de % 5\u2019e gerilemi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermektedir ki 2014\u2019\u00fcn sonuna kadar ABD\u2019nin Afganistan'dan \u00e7ekilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Halihaz\u0131rda 66 bin ABD askeri bulundu\u011fu ve \u00e7ekilme sonras\u0131 15 bininin kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Nitekim Afganistan\u2019da uzun y\u0131llar g\u00f6rev yapan Amerikan eski B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Robert Finn de 18 Nisan\u2019da Zaman\u2019a verdi\u011fi m\u00fclakatta ABD\u2019nin asl\u0131nda Afganistan\u2019da kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu tespit ve tahlillerimizin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6r ve b\u00f6lgesel lider g\u00fc\u00e7 olma iddias\u0131n\u0131 kendi sorumluluk alanlar\u0131nda b\u00f6lge istikrar\u0131 ad\u0131na bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik konseptinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u201cBar\u0131\u015f ve Karde\u015flik Projesi\u201dnin ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bunu t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgedeki problemli alanlara model olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi pekala m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1) 19 May\u0131s 2013'te Zaman Gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/downloads\/2013\/10\/339a0e1449b6b4062056bc300d87e893.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/downloads\/2013\/10\/339a0e1449b6b4062056bc300d87e893.jpg","width":339,"height":149,"caption":"Asimetrik Sava\u015f"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/asimetrik-savasta-abd-ve-nato-nun-rolu-ar\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 19\/5\/2013"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/#website","url":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/","name":"Assam","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/6248496c49ac8b96f472f275e268da83","name":"H\u00fcseyin Caner AKKURT","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/357b3103b188c1440ebd09ba80ab88b4a369640ee3262bb98c2e5ce0ef305928?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/357b3103b188c1440ebd09ba80ab88b4a369640ee3262bb98c2e5ce0ef305928?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"H\u00fcseyin Caner AKKURT"},"description":"Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131-Yazar","url":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/author\/huseyincaner\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=886"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/886\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/883"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=886"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assam.org.tr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}