Administration Reform Motion at Ottoman Classic Period

There is no definite and clear information about the life of Koçi Bey. It is known that Koçi Bey was originally Albanian and was brought to Istanbul from Korçë by means of a devshirmeh and entered the Ottoman Palace. It is not known for certain that Koçi Bey was from Korçë, but the fact that the graves of his wife and son Sefer Shah are in the Iljaz bej Mirahori mosque in Korçë, and that his grave is in the village of Plamet of Korçë, strengthens the thought that Koçi Bey was from Korçë. In various sources, it is stated that the real name of Koçi is Mustafa and that the name Koçi is his nickname. The name Koçi is in the forms of Koçi, Koca, Kuçi in different sources. The word “Koç” in Albanian means red. It is highly probable that Mustafa Bey was given the nickname Koçi because of his red-colored face. There is no definite record of the date of the devshirmeh and the date of entry to the palace. However, it is known that he served in various services in Enderun from the reign of Sultan Ahmet I to the reign of Murat IV. Especially during the reign of Murat IV, he was taken to the Privy Chamber (Has Oda) and gained the trust of the Sultan and became his confidant. Koçi Bey participated in the Baghdad expedition as the accountant of Sultan Murat IV. After the death of Sultan Murat, he became the accountant and confidant of Sultan İbrahim, who succeeded him. Koçi Bey retired in the last days of Sultan İbrahim or in the first years of Mehmet the Fourth and settled in Korçë.

PUBLIC AUDITING (OMBUDSMAN) AT CONTEMPORARY PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND MILITARY OMBUDSMAN SUGGESTION FOR TURKEY

Assist. Assoc. Dr. Ali Fuat GÖKÇE*

Suleyman Demirel University
The Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Y.2012, Vol.17, No.2, pp.203-227.

ABSTRACT
Public auditing is a contemporary application for accommodation the problems between public institutions and citizens. The public auditing also applied to different areas outside the classical application area. Military ombudsman is one of these different areas. Ombudsman hasn’t applied for various reasons in Turkey at the period up to plebiscite in 2010 despite initiatives in the past. The Turkish Armed Forces are on duty throughout the country with the organizational structure and a large team of staff. The width personnel staff and relations with citizens cause to emerge of various problems. In this study; the benefits and drawbacks for the institution of ombudsman in the armed forces is discussed and explained the need for the military ombudsman.

Keywords: Public Administration, Public Auditing, Auditing, Ombudsman, Military Ombudsman. Public Administration, Public Auditing, Auditing, Ombudsman, Military Ombudsman.

* GÖKÇE, Gaziantep University, İslahiye Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

The Middle East, as a geographical region, has been the center of conflicts, religious wars and migrations throughout history. It seems that the same struggle still exists today. In the background of all this struggle is the difference of the social, religious and sectarian structure of the region and its economic efficiency. In this process, the region could not complete its economic and social development and became unstable. The question of who owns the natural resources in the region has been influential in the establishment of strategic balances on the region by the imperialist states.

The first studies on ombudsman in Turkey were carried out by Professor Dr. Tahsin Bekir Balta in the 1970s. Ömer Baylan added the work on the ombudsman to the literature with the article titled “Citizen's Complaints About the State Administration and the Swedish Ombudsman Formula for Turkey” in 1978. In the political field, it came to the agenda for the first time after the 1980 revolution, and the first legal initiative regarding the ombudsman in Turkey was made in the preparations for the 1982 Constitution. However, it was not included in the Constitution. Although the Human Rights Investigation Commission Law No. 3686 enacted in 1990 does not fully meet the ombudsman, it can be considered as the beginning of the implementation.

The desire to limit the power of those who dominate societies, together with the theory of separation of powers, led to the establishment of the modern state. Montesquieu, in his work titled "The Spirit of Laws", explained the formation of legislative, executive and judicial powers that are effective in state administration and their relationship with each other. Starting from this principle, the degree of relationship between the forces in the period up to the present has led to the naming of government systems in different ways. The judicial power, which is among the powers, is kept in a separate place in this relationship. Since the judiciary has a close relationship between the legislative and the executive in every system of government, the judicial power is excluded from the determination of government systems. However, in Continental European countries that implement dual judicial systems, the administrative courts, which constitute the administrative leg of the judiciary, and the Constitutional Courts, which were established after the World War II in order to limit the power of the executive and the legislature, have functions in power relations. The existence of this relationship does not change the form of the government system. In each country, there are courts established according to geographical principles with different names. Therefore, in this study, the judicial power, which does not affect the formation of government systems, is not included in the analysis.

The will of limiting power of those who dominate societies and the theory of seperation of powers did lead to establishment of modern state. Montesquie explained the formation of legislative, executive and judiciary powers which have impact on administartion and relation of those with each other, in his book called “The Sipirit of the Laws”. From this point of view, the degree of the relation among the powers lead to the name governmental systems differently, so far. The judicial power among the powers is held in separate place within this relationship. Judiciary has close relation with legislative and executive powers in all governmental forms. But Constitutional Courts, found after II. World War to limit legislative and executive powers, and Administrative Courts of Continental Europe States implementing dual judicial system, the both courts have functions in ruler relations. The existence of these relations do not change governmental form. There are courts established in accordance with geographic rudiments in all states with different names. Consequently judicial power, which does not have any impact on establishment of governmental systems, is not included to this research.

The Effects of December 17, 2013 Operation on the Social, Political and Economic Basis

Gökçe, Paksoy and Gündüz

Abstract

While the date for local elections is approaching which will be held on 30th March 2014, an investigation was started by the Public Prosecutor on 17th December 2013.  Although this investigation was seen as an initiative to wear down the government by the members of the cabinet, the opposition parties, some media groups and non-governmental organizations classified it as corruption and bribery. In this investigation, many people consist of statesman, bureaucrats, bank managers, public officials and sons of ministers were taken in custody on charges ranging from taking bribes, rigging bids on government contracts to attempting to smuggle.

There have been significant social, political and economic impacts of this corruption probes to Turkey. On the one hand, opposition parties and some media and press groups have asserted the failure of the government. However, the government has claimed that these operations were launched to overthrow themselves. After 17th December, several consequences were seen: social polarization was increased, some resignations were occurred in the ruling Justice and Development Party, BIST fell down, a sharp rise in the prices of Dollar, Euro and gold emerged, and Turkey Republic Central Bank Monetary Policy Committee increased the interest rates more than expected.

In this study, it has been examined that what kind of changes on social, economic and political basis have been brought to our country by 17th December operation.

JEL classification:  H 7, Z 18, Z 19

QUO VADIS: Social Siences – ARTVIN CORUH UNIVERSITY HOPA INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL  SIENCES CONFERENCE

“İKTİSAT, SİYASET VE TOPLUM ÜÇGENİNDE KÜRESELLEŞMENİN YEREL DİNAMİKLERİ”

Hopa/Artvin, 15-17 October 2014