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GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan, [1, 3] which borders Pakistan in the east and south, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the east with a small border, gained its independence on 8 August 1919 with the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 [2]. Afghanistan, which is an important geopolitical country, has been the focus of large migrations and has been subjected to many invasions. Afghanistan was occupied by Soviet forces in 1979 and by the United States in 2001. The current Constitution of Afghanistan, consisting of 12 chapters and 162 articles, was adopted on January 26, 2004, and the name of the state was included in the Constitution as the “Islamic Republic of Afghanistan” [3]. After the US withdrew from Afghanistan in 2021, the Taliban took over the country. The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is an Asian country that does not border the sea with an area of approximately 652,100 km² and a population of 33 million [1]. Its capital is Kabul and its other major cities are Kandahar, Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif and Jalalabad (Image 1).

Within this study, understandings of nation in Islamic civilization and “modern-secular” Western civilization are compared both with each other and on socio-political structures. These comparisons should be useful to know what is appropriate for Turkey.
Under the influence of the French Revolution, the “nation” became a new socio-political force in Europe. In the studies carried out to define the nation, the ideas of philosophers were used, not sociological observations. There was no consensus on any of the very different definitions produced on unrelated grounds such as race, native language and citizenship. Meanwhile, instead of accepting historical integrations, each state tried to build its own nation by choosing one of the definitions made. Thus, although they were known as “nation-states”, none of the states belonged to a clearly definable nation, and it was not possible for a state to artificially build its own nation. In the meantime, many states were fell apart, while the newly established ones faced the same danger.
On the other hand, the concept of nation in Islamic civilization has existed since the beginning and its meaning is clear. As a term found in the Qur'an, 'nation' refers to a religion and its believers. In the early periods, the common language of the “Nation of Islam” was only Arabic. In the course of time, Persian and Turkish also became common languages in different regions. Thus, the term “Turk” became the name of Muslims of different ethnic origins and different native languages who used Turkish as a common language.
Later, with the modern-secular definitions of the West, the definitions of “Turkish nation” became unclear and controversial in Turkey, and the integrity of the Turkish nation was in danger of being disintegrated.

This article is published in the first issue of ASSAM International Refereed Journal.

ISIS, which became popular with the occupation of Mosul and its surroundings, published an English magazine called DABIQ¹ on the internet during Ramadan. The magazine is visually rich and contains high-quality photographs, as well as important messages.

Somali, Afrika Boynuzu bölgesini oluşturan ana ülkelerden biridir ve bu da onu İsrail’in Afrika politikası bağlamında önemli bir ülke yapmaktadır. Orta Doğu'daki petrol yataklarına yakınlık, Aden Körfezi ve Hint Okyanusu bakan konumu, Kızıldeniz ve Süveyş Kanalına giden yol olan Bab al-Mandab Boğazı'nın güney girişini kontrolü Afrika Boynuzunun önemini artıran faktörlerdendir. Bu benzersiz stratejik özellikleri nedeniyle bölge, bölgesel ve uluslararası güçlerin ilgi odağıdır.